Berries provide bears with vital nutrition. During a good
berry year, bears thrive. But if the crop fails, as it does periodically, bears
may have difficulty finding enough food. Near the town of Council, for
example, bears eat eight kinds of berries. If one crop fails, they can
find other berries to eat. But near Priest Lake, bears depend on only
three kinds of berries. If huckleberries fail, bears have difficulty finding
enough to make up for the loss. This can be a critical issue for young bears
because they depend on berries to build up their reserves for the winter. If
they don't have enough food to eat in the late summer and fall, their chances of
surviving the winter are reduced. Berry crop failures also affect female bears'
ability to produce young the following winter.
People who portray bears as roly- butterballs haven't
seen a scrawny bear emerging from its den in the spring. During hibernation, a
black bear may lose 30-50 % of its fat reserves. This weight loss
continues in the spring because food is scarce. When the summer berry season
arrives, they finally begin gaining weight again. They repeat the same pattern
annually gaining weight in the summer and fall, then losing it in the winter and
early spring. Females that are rearing cubs may lose weight the entire year that
they are nursing their young.
....................................................
People and
Bears
Even though thousands of
bears live in Idaho, people seldom see these shy "shadows of the forest" unless
they are careless about their garbage or they hunt.
In 1990, more than 15,000
hunters searched for black bear in Idaho; around 2,000 hunters find a bear each
year. Wildlife managers monitor bears that live in hunting areas to make sure
that the bear population can withstand the hunting. They also keep watch on how
much bear habitat is lost each year and report that habitat loss is the biggest
problem that bears face.
Bears, like all wild animals, must share most of their habitat with
humans. People enter bear habitat to hike, ride horses, fish, hunt, ski, and
snowmobile. They also cut timber, graze cows and sheep, and operate mines in the
same forests where black bears live.
Biologists and wildlife
managers strive to understand how bears use their habitat and how they react to
human presence. For example, by studying how bears use logged forests,
biologists and managers can recommend logging practices that have less impact on
bears. They have learned that bears continue feeding in fields rich with berries
if logging ceases during this time. Bears are more likely to return to a
disturbed area if it is small, irregularly shaped and trees are left along
streams, roads, and north slopes.
Managers also know that
bears are better off if logging roads are closed instead of remaining open to
provide people with new routes to hunting, fishing, camping, and hiking areas.
Bears also lose habitat when people build homes along lakes and in forests. As
people build, their roads cut off bear travel routes, break up home ranges, and
destroy natural sources of food. People also provide new sources of food with
ornamental shrubs and vegetable gardens, bee hives, pet food, and garbage.
Tips For Sharing the
Bear's Forests
- For
homeowners:
Do not
feed bears.
Keep home sites free of food and litter.
- For recreationists:
Keep
a clean camp.
Warn bears of your presence by making noise when traveling in
dense cover.
It should be no surprise that bears sometimes appear on people's
property and will take advantage of that easy food.
Unfortunately, people often
become upset if the bears actually come onto their property. Wildlife managers
will trap the bear and try to relocate it.
Sometimes the bear remains
in its new home; often it returns, traveling as far as 50 miles. If a bear
continues to enter private property to find easy food, wildlife managers may
have to kill it. They warn property owners that "feeding a bear equals killing a
bear."
Bears are highly intelligent
and can learn new behavior in reaction to a single experience. For example,
bears can be trained to stay away from an apiarist's bee hives even after they
have discovered this easy source of food. How? The apiarist erects an electric
fence around the hives. One brief jolt from the fence, and the bear knows the
easy food source is gone. Some biologists are experimenting with other such
aversive conditioning to help bears learn to stay away from people's homes and
gardens.
Can Idaho's growing human
population coexist with bears? Idaho has a healthy black bear population now,
but if the population declines, it will be slow to build up again because bears
are long-lived, mature late, and produce only one or two cubs every other year.
Such a decline won't happen if everyone in Idaho works to ensure that both bears
and people can continue to thrive in Idaho.
People can learn how to
maintain their houses and yards so there is less temptation for bears. People
can also learn that the sight of a bear on their property is something to be
treasured. Our lives are richer when we share the land with wild creatures and
black bears are one of Idaho's wildest wonders.
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